Tag: AY

What is DNA? DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

What Does DNA do? DNA creates you trait and personality and how you look.

What shape is DNA? It is a double helix. a helix is two strings in a spiral

The 3 units that make a DNA are A sugar molecule, A phosphate group and a Nitrogenous base

What are the 4 bases called? adenine A, cytosine C, guanine G and thymine T

What is the complementary base pair rule? complementary bases are the nitrogenous bases that are adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. Adenine will always pair with it to complement thymine, and cytosine will always pair with it to complement guanine.

Genetics Definition:

Gene- A section of DNA which codes for a particular trait. for example eye colour.

Allele- Different versions of the same gene. for example blue vs brown eyes.

Phenotype- The physical appearance

Genotype- The two alleles (one from mum and one from dad)

A= Dominant allele (Capital Letter)-

feature always show if present.

a= Recessive allele (Lower case Letter)-

Only shows if no dominant allele

Phenotype = What does it look like.

Genotype  = what alleles does it have.

Hi today in class we were looking at air Resistance and friction.

Aim : The aim is to look at the effect of  friction on the different sized wing spans on the paper helicopter.

Hypothesis : I think the friction is going to change depending on how big the wing span is. the air resistance is going to change depending on how far up off the flour we are going to drop it.

Method : We will drop the helicopter from the same height 3 different times. we will then repeat with each wingspan of helicopter.

-the height will be ensured by using the same person to drop all the helicopters. They will stand on a chair with their arm held up.

-The person who is timing will say go (so the helicopters is released) and the timer will stop the timer when the helicopter touches the ground.

today we are learning about forces and motions.

What is a force –

A force is a push, pull or a twist applied to an object.

Forces are measured in newtons (symbol: N)

They have both a size and a direction

You cannot see a force, but you can see what it does.

Forces can make things move.

Some types of motions are:

• Forward
• Backward
• Up
• Down
• Stationary
• Constant speed

Forces can be contact or non-contact-

Contact forces: when the force can only be passed on from one object to another while the objects are touching.

List 3 examples

• Pushing someone over.
• Pulling the door open.
• Twisting the tap.

Non-Contact forces: when the forces act upon the object without needing it to touch.

List 3 examples

• Gravity
• Magnetism
• Compass

Forces usually act in pairs, working in the opposite direction to each other.

We can use drawing to show these pairs of forces.

These drawings are called free body diagrams.

Rules for drawing free body diagrams-

• Use arrows to represent forces.
• The arrows point away from the object.
• The arrows are always touching the object.
• Opposing arrows can be the same or different sized.

Forces Diagrams-

If opposing forces are the same then the forces are balanced.

If opposing forces are different then the forces are unbalanced.

Same size = Balanced

Different size = Unbalanced

Balanced forces will cause the object to:

• Stay at constant speed
• Remain stationary

Unbalanced forces will cause the object to:

• Accelerate (get faster)
• Decelerate (slow down)

the largest force is the direction the object will travel.

Net force-

Balanced force means that the opposing forces are the same size. Because of this, these forces cancel out. This gives us zero net force.

the effect on this object would be:

• if the object was moving. it would remain at a constant speed.
• if the object was not moving, it would remain stationary.

Unbalanced forces mean that the opposing forces are the same size.

Because of this, these forces don’t cancel out. this gives us a net forces.

the net forces are in the direction of the largest forces. it is calculated by subtracting the smallest forces from the largest.

The effect on this object would be:

• The object would accelerate and decelerate depending on the direction.

Weight – Mass

Force due to gravity = EARTH = 10Nkg

Weight – the effect of gravity on the mass object.

Mass- How much space/matter the object takes up.

Mass x gravity = Weight (N)

Eg – 80kg x 10 nkg = 800N

Calculating force –

A force us measured in Newtons with the symbol N.

When unbalanced forces act upon an object the object will accelerate.

We can calculate the amount of force acting on the object by using the Mass and Acceleration of the object.

The equation to calculate force is F=ma

F = the Force ( measured in newtons, N)

m = the Mass ( measured in Kilograms, Kg)

a = the acceleration (measured in meters per second per second, ms-2)

Force = mass x acceleration

We can use this formula to calculate the force on an object.

Eg. An object with a mass of 4.0kg accelerates at 2ms-2 calculate the net force acting on the object.

Hi everybody,

the past few weeks in science we have been learning about the Ph scale.

Ph scale

– indicator

shows us if something is an base or an acid

Acids

• Hydrogen H+
• they break down and dissolve things
• taste sour
• plaque aid (teeth) citrus acid (lemon,lime and orange) stomach acid

Base

• Hydroxide ion
• neutralise acid often used as cleaning products
• break down + dissolve grime
• bleach, oven cleaner, antacid tables

We mixed sodium (an base) with hydrochloride acid (an acid) .  We also added 5 drops of universal indicator to show the colours of the pH scale.

When the chemical is red it means the acid is strong.  when we make green it means it has no acid or base in it.

Hi in class today we had to make a periodic table with only the first 20.

we had to make the first 20 elements, and there are 8 columns and 4 rows.

the columns go from 1 to 8 electrons in order. for the rows each rows goes from 1 to 4 shells.

I found this activity easy to do when i figured out what element goes where.

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